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2 Though we are still far from that scenario becoming reality, the trend in the antibiotics field has decidedly been negative for some time now. 1 Given that the three main causes of death in pre-antibiotic America were tuberculosis, pneumonia, and gastrointestinal infections, which combined accounted for 30% of all deaths, this is a frightening prospect. This escalating evolution of resistance coupled with a diminished antibiotic pipeline has led some to claim that a post-antibiotic era is eminent. Historical perspectives, mechanisms of action and resistance, spectrum of activity, and preeminent members of each class are discussed.ģ00,000 – Pounds of streptomycin ( 24) and oxytetracycline ( 40) sprayed on produce in the US in 1996 42īacterial resistance to antibiotics has been a recognized reality almost since the dawn of the antibiotic era, but only within the past twenty years has the emergence of dangerous, resistant strains occurred with a disturbing regularity.

The standings of established antibiotic classes as well as potentially emerging classes are assessed with an emphasis on molecules that have been clinically approved or are in advanced stages of development. The approaches that scientists are employing in the pursuit of new antibacterial agents are briefly described. Synchronously with the waxing of bacterial resistance there has been waning antibiotic development.

Factors including economic impact, intrinsic and acquired drug resistance, morbidity and mortality rates, and means of infection are taken into account. Profiles of bacterial species that are deemed to be particularly concerning at the present time are illustrated. In this review the factors that have been linked to this phenomenon are addressed. Dangerous, antibiotic resistant bacteria have been observed with increasing frequency over the past several decades.